Context
The World Health Organization (WHO) has recently included GLP-1 receptor agonists such as semaglutide, dulaglutide, liraglutide, and tirzepatide in its Model List of Essential Medicines (EML). This decision acknowledges their crucial role in treating type-2 diabetes and managing associated conditions like obesity, cardiovascular disease, and kidney disorders.
GLP-1 Drugs
What are GLP-1 Drugs?
- Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, also called incretin mimetics, are medicines that mimic the natural GLP-1 hormone in the human body.
- They are used mainly for type-2 diabetes management.
Aims
- Primary Aim: Control blood glucose levels in diabetes patients.
- Secondary Aims:
- Promote weight loss in obesity cases.
- Improve cardio-metabolic health.
- Reduce diabetes complications such as heart disease and kidney damage.
Key Features & Benefits
- Mode of Administration: Largely injectable, though some oral forms exist.
- Benefits:
- Stimulate insulin secretion.
- Slow down digestion, helping in glucose control.
- Suppress appetite, aiding weight management.
- Clinical Value: Proven role in obesity treatment and in reducing metabolic risks.
WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (EML)
What is the EML?
- A global reference list of the most effective, safe, and essential medicines required for addressing priority health needs.
Origin & Evolution
- First issued by WHO in 1977.
- Updated every two years by the WHO Expert Committee.
- Separate Essential Medicines List for Children introduced in 2007.
Aims
- Guide nations in selecting, procuring, and distributing medicines.
- Ensure accessibility and affordability of essential drugs.
- Support the goal of universal health coverage (UHC).
Key Features
- Evidence-based selection: Only medicines with proven efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness are included.
- Global adoption: Over 150 countries use it to frame their National Essential Medicines Lists (NEML).
- Dynamic nature: Updated biennially to reflect scientific progress and new health priorities.
- Pricing impact: Encourages bulk procurement, supports generic production, and lowers overall drug costs.
Conclusion
The addition of GLP-1 receptor agonists to the WHO Essential Medicines List marks a significant step in global health. It not only recognizes their value in diabetes management but also highlights their role in addressing obesity and cardio-renal complications. This move is expected to enhance availability, reduce costs, and push countries to integrate these medicines into their health systems, furthering the mission of universal health coverage.
Source : The Hindu
